Vaccines And Its Effects On Society - 1425 Words

Throughout the history of medicine doctors have encounter many diseases. Unfortunately not all are restorable. Many scientists along with physicians have put in hard work and dedication to medicine study to find cures for each and every illness or diseases that exist today. Studies have proven that medicine alone cannot keep us all healthy; other mediums must take place in order for us to maintain a good immune system to fight off any pathogens trying to break us down. We have seen medicine teams evolving, for the purpose of others well being. Vaccines were created to help populations stay alive. Vaccines have been a part of our life for a while now; A vaccine is a product that produces immunity from a disease and can be administered†¦show more content†¦Vaccines were created to prevent the spreading of diseases nationwide. This has been seen many times throughout history; causing many populations to be wiped out the map. European travelers were the first known as diseased p eople. It is proven that Europeans brought illness to the native American communities, such as bubonic plague, chicken pox, pneumonic plague, cholera, diphtheria, influenza, measles, scarlet fever, smallpox, typhus, tuberculosis, and whooping cough. Situations like this one are the types of situations medicine experts are trying to prevent. Today in order for a child to attend a public school they must have all their vaccines up to date, and if a child is not vaccinated he/ she is not allowed on campus until vaccines have been completed. This being, because children have weak immune systems still and anything can be harmful to them. And that is the main concern for the people who are not against vaccinations. It is believed by many scientist and doctors that it is important for our country to all be on the same page of preventing any possible outbreaks in our communities. Outbreaks can cause our children to become isolated from society because they are a risk factor to many more wit h very weak herd immunity. Herd immunity is a form of immunity that occurs when the vaccination of a significant portion of a population (or herd) provides a measure of protection for individuals who have not developed immunity. (Herd immunity

Employment division v. Smith, 494 U.S 872 - 1609 Words

Employment Division v. Smith, 494 U.S. 872 (1990) A rehabilitation clinic dismissed two drug rehabilitation counselors for using peyote in a religious ceremony. The two counselors, including Smith, sought unemployment benefits. Possessing peyote is a criminal offense in the State of Oregon. The rehabilitation clinic denied the counselors unemployment on grounds of misconduct. Smith filed suit again the clinic. The Oregon Supreme Court overruled the rehabilitation clinic’s verdict. The court stated that Smith’s religious use of peyote was protected under the First Amendments freedom of religion. The Employment Division, Department of Resources appealed the case to the United States Supreme Court on the grounds that possession and†¦show more content†¦The rehabilitation clinic employees were dismissed from their jobs and employment benefits were denied because Oregon’s legislature bans consumption and possession of illegal substances. In addition, the laws do not target a specific religious group; th erefore, the law is generally applicable and neutral. Justices O’Connor concurred in the judgment; however, she did not completely agree with the majorities reasoning. She believed it was ill-advised to not use the Sherbert Standard to evaluate the case. The Sherbert test includes a set of criteria to determine if the individual’s freedoms of religion rights have been violated by the government. However; based on the Sherbert standard, Oregon had the right to refuse to grant an exemption to the law because of the compelling interest in prohibiting illegal drug use. She expressed the view, laws that prohibit or interferes with a person’s religious worship is a violation of the free exercise of religion. Due to the majorities’ opinions, this case essentially invalidated the Sherbert test. Justices Blackman, Brenna, and Marshall dissented and expressed the view that according to the Sherbert standard, Oregon should have made an exemption for the religious use of peyote as not to obstruct the counselors’ right to the free exercise ofShow MoreRelatedIs Peyote A Spirit, And A Gift From God Who They Call The Great Spirit?1396 Words   |  6 Pagesuse. The magician was said to be happy to try anything at least once. He included peyote in his arsenal of drugs. Some people believe that Crowley s religious philosophy of Thelema was inspired while he was using peyote. Legal Laws Peyote in the U.S in considered being a schedule 1 drug. The DEA puts it on the list with other drugs such as Heroin, LSD, MDMA, Bath salts, and to my surprise marijuana. These drugs are classified as highly addictive, and have no currently accepted medical treatmentRead MoreThe Right Of Free Speech And Freedom Of Press1363 Words   |  6 PagesFirst Amendment is thought to be a highly controversial amendment for many reasons, such as one’s religion affecting their work performance or even affecting the education provided to our youth. An example of this is from the court case of ‘Sherbert v. Verner (1963)’ where Adell Sherbert was fired from her job as a textile-mill operator because she refused to work on Saturdays due to God forbidding work on a Saturday. Luckily, the Supreme Court ruled that this was an unconstitutional burden on herRead MoreHofstede’s Limitations14637 Words   |  59 Pagesor „Generation X.‟ As long as historical even ts occur, cohorts should be regularly produced, with approximately 28 of them created in America since the 1700s. Further compounding the matter, cultural change appears to occur within cohorts as well. Smith (2000) summarized 153 attitudes and values from 1973 to 1997 using the General Social Surveys from the National Research Center. For topics ranging from social welfare to sexual permissiveness, the general rule was change along with a diminishing generationRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagessingles charts. Large supermarket chain Asda was distributing the Ministry’s albums to shoppers around the UK. The Ministry’s distinctive logo had become the basis for a large merchandising business, mostly for clothing. By 2001, the Ministry’s touring division was hosting 300 events worldwide, including China and India, and had regular summer 2 3 The Ministry of Sound was aiming for a stock market listing within a couple of years. Then things started to go wrong. The dance music on which the MinistryRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesnonstatisticians. A subsection entitled â€Å"A Word to the Wise† reminds students of things that must be considered in order to ensure that statistical methods are used in reasonable and appropriate ways. The time-series plot shown in Figure 3.34 appears on the U.S. Census Bureau web site. It shows the average earnings of workers by educational level as a proportion of the average earnings of a high school graduate over time. For example, we can see from this plot that in 1993 the average earnings for people withRead MoreIntroduction to Materials Management169665 Words   |  679 Pagesoperations planning and control systems relate to just-in-time and lean production. Chapter 16 examines the elements of total quality management and Six Sigma quality approaches. From the Library of Girro From the Library of Girro@qq.com Preface v ONLINE INSTRUCTOR RESOURCES To access supplementary materials online, instructors need to request an instructor access code. Go to www.prenhall.com, click the Instructor Resource Center link, and then click Register Today for an instructor access

The Witch Hunt Of 1692 By Richard Godbeer - 1548 Words

Many people are aware of the witch hunt that occurred in Salem, Massachusetts in the year 1692, however these same people may not be as familiar with the other witch hunt that also occurred in New England during the same year. Escaping Salem: the other witch hunt of 1692, written by Richard Godbeer, is a historical monograph that reconstructs the, mostly unheard-of witch hunt, that occurred in Stamford, Connecticut. The book also gives its readers insight into the minds of early American citizens. Thus, the theme of Escaping Salem, beside witchcraft, is human nature and Richard Godbeer’s thesis is that humans demonize others before recognizing their own share of human frailty. It is evident that he is biased toward the witches and sympathizes with them. This, of course, is not surprising since they were irrationally punished because of their neighbours unsubstantiated accusations. Richard Godbeer is currently a Professor of History at the University of Miami, who offers course s on a broad range of topics, including sex and gender in early America, witchcraft in colonial New England, religious culture in early America, and the American Revolution. He is also the author of 11 other historical monographs. Professor Godbeer’s historical monograph contains a foreword, acknowledgments, a prologue, six chapters that narrate the Stamford witch hunt (similar to the manner in which one would tell a typical fictional story), an afterword, as well as a select bibliography. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Other Witch Hunt Of 1692 By Richard Godbeer1704 Words   |  7 PagesFACE OF WITCHCRAFT Jasmine Lee History 1301: American History Dr. Jennifer Jenkins 1 November 2016 Escaping Salem: The Other Witch Hunt of 1692 by Richard Godbeer is an examination of accusations of witchcraft by Katherine (Kate) Branch, the subsequent trials that occurred, and how the Stamford trials contrast with the infamous Salem witch trials that took place the same year. The charge of witchcraft preyed on the fears of the community and had the potential to turn townspeopleRead MoreHiding Salem : The Other Witch Hunt Of 1692 By Richard Godbeer1145 Words   |  5 PagesThe Other Witch Hunt of 1692 by Richard Godbeer In Escaping Salem: The Other Witch Hunt of 1692 by Richard Godbeer examined the witchcraft hysteria which happened in Stamford, Connecticut as the hysteria escaped from Salem, Massachusetts and how the panic of witchcraft caused by Katherine Branch in June of 1692, intensified beliefs and readjustments in the legal system in the Puritans society in Stamford, Connecticut. Consequently, Katherine Branch’s accusations in the summer months of 1692, propelledRead MoreAbdeali Dalal. Dr. Jenkins. History 1301. February 13,1541 Words   |  7 PagesThe Other Witch Hunt of 1692† â€Å"Escaping Salem; The Other Witch hunt of 1692† was penned and published by Richard Godbeer in 2005. Godbeer expressed his views on what he called basic witch trials in Salem and more importantly, in Stamford, Connecticut Massachusetts. The same year that Salem witch hunt and trials began in 1692, another witch hunt took place in Stamford, the Western Connecticut to when a woman (Elizabeth Clawson) from there was also accused of Witchcraft. These witch hunt and trialsRead MoreEscaping Salem : The Other Witch Hunt Of 1692 Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesESCAPING SALEM: The Other Witch Hunt of 1692 In Richard GodBeers novel â€Å"Escaping Salem: The Other Witch Hunt of 1692† he tells of a witch trial that took place in Stamford Connecticut in 1692. GodBeer starts readers off with the setting taking place in Daniel and Abigail Wescots household. He tells of a dilemma going on in the household pertaining to their servant; Katherine Branch. She was experiencing hallucinated fits that caused her to convulse and scream in pain. The ongoing fits ledRead MoreEscaping Salem Essay909 Words   |  4 PagesEscaping Salem: The Other Witch Hunt of 1692 American Economic and Social History September 26, 2012 The seventeenth century was full of challenges; political, social, and economical. Across the board individuals struggled to live, although the conditions had much improved from the beginning of the colonies. Women in particular had a difficult time fitting into this patriarchal this society. Women were defined by men and were seen as an accessory to men. In the colony of New England womenRead MoreThe, The Salem Witch Hunt, By Richard Godbeer Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pageswomen were often held responsible for many sins, including witchcraft. (Godbeer 12). According to Richard Godbeer, in his book, The Salem Witch Hunt, â€Å"it was Eve who first gave away to Satan and seduced Adam.† (Godbeer 12). In 1692, witchcraft became a panic among Puritan society. Even though both men and women were accused of witchcraft, women were seventy-six percent more likely to be accused in Salem than men. (Godbeer 12). Puritan society was a male dominate society and men looked down uponRead M oreIn Escaping Salem: The Other Witch Hunt Of 1692, Richard1461 Words   |  6 PagesIn Escaping Salem: The Other Witch Hunt of 1692, Richard Godbeer reconstructs a particular witch hunt that is less known than its counterpart, the Salem Witch Trials. This trial, which took place in the Stamford, Connecticut area in the seventeenth century, demonstrated the theologies as well as the natural and supernatural beliefs of early New Englanders. These factors played an important role in how these settlers viewed the world and its peculiar mysteries. The perspectives of key participantsRead MoreCauses of the Salem Witch Trials Essay2035 Words   |  9 Pagesgreatest impact possible. The Salem Witch Trials are one such conflict. This conflict caused many to be accused, arrested, and killed. Because of social, economic, religious, and physical problems within the community, Salem Village was present with prejudice and panic causing the Salem Witch Trials. Witchcraft has been present in many other religions, not only the Puritan religion. Witchcraft was also found in Catholic and Protestant parts of Europe. The Salem Witch Trials were smaller in comparisonRead MoreIn Depth Research of Witchcraft Essay3980 Words   |  16 PagesIn Depth Research of Witchcraft For my final project, I choose the non-ordinary topic of witchcraft. I was not and am not, interested in researching this to learn how to become a witch and to practice the craft. My intent in doing this project stemmed from the fact that I am a Christian. This class has showed me how to have a more open mind, and how gaining knowledge provides understanding. I wanted to see what is fact and what is false about the myths and stereotypes about witches and witchcraft

Concept of Health Care Organisation in Singapore

Question: Discuss about the Concept of Health Care Organisation in Singapore. Answer: Introduction The population of Singapore has reached up to 5.2 million and it has captured the significant position in widely covered healthcare system. After the independence in 1965, the health care centre in Singapore started the mass-inoculation program for fighting against the tropical epidemic diseases. The Singapore Government has even extended the network of hospitalisation for providing the convenience to the out-patient attendance (Grigoroudis, Orfanoudaki Zopounidis, 2012). The regulations imposed on the health care centres of Singapore are concentrating on three pillars. First, Singapore has been paying attention towards the establishment of population with preventive health care. The country even aims to encourage the healthy lifestyles of the living beings. Second, the Singapore Government is keeping the healthcare costs lower by controlling the supply process of the healthcare services. Third, the country is emphasizing the personal responsibilities in order to maintain the health y living by promoting Medifund, Medisave, and Medishield systems. Three major regulatory bodies have been controlling the health care systems. These regulatory figures are the Minister of Health (MOH), Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) and Central Provident Fund (CPF). The study will shed light on the organisational culture and functionalities of the health care centres in Singapore (Cunningham et al., 2012). The discussion will focus on the effectiveness of internal and external factors of the culture of health care organisation will be presented. Along with this, the effectiveness of the value-based culture in the health care organisations will also be discussed in this study. Discussion Organisational culture refers to the system of sharing beliefs, values, and assumptions. The shared values are creating the significant impacts on the associated people in the organisation. In case of health care centre, this trait is unchanged (Zingg et al., 2015). The associated health care personnel and management provide the fruitful benefits and share the adequate value with the associated staffs. The proper motivation they have been receiving from the upper authority is contributing efficiency to the performance management. Accordingly, the service users have been receiving the effective services due to which they become more reliable to the health care centres. In the health care centres of Singapore, the health care policies are imposed by the national government. Concentrating on such effective rules and regulations, it is noted that the major focus of the governance is to increase the standards of the health care services. It is noted that Singapore has established the remarkable fundamentals in order to achieve the organisational excellence. It is noted that Singapore has captured the fourth position in establishing the adequate infrastructure. The GDP rate was spent less that 4% on health care services. It provides the universal coverage for the service users in Singapore by providing the multiple layers of cares. In concentrating on the bets standardised health care services provided by the health care centres, it can be noted that Singapore has captured the leading position in the world (Mittal et al., 2016). The JCI or the Joint Commission International has accredited three medical centres along with 11 hospitals in Singapore. However, it has been observed that the ministry of health department in Singapore has restructured the health care system for establishing the integrated care model for the patients. With the application of such structure, the service users receive the holistic and integrate d care from the health care centres located in Singapore. It is noted that the health care system is split into six different regional health care systems (Blank Burau, 2013). Moreover, these regional health care centres are anchored by a regional hospital, which has been working with a variety of intermediate, primary, and long-term care sectors. It is much beneficial for the service users for receiving the quality health care services. The effects of such organisational culture are much commendable for improving the health care standards more specifically. It generates the sense of reliability among the service users who have been visiting such places for the care purposes. It is important to state that the major health care centres in Singapore are associated with two public sectors, such as National Health Care Group and Sing Health. The organisational cultures of the health care centres in Singapore signify the value-based assumptions, leadership, language and managerial styles (Feldstein, 2012). The associated nurses and physicians in the health care centres are aware of the different artefacts, assumptions, and situational consequences. Therefore, the organisational culture in the health care centre is considered as the major way to improve the quality parameter of the services. The organisational structure helps in allocating the management functionalities in a sequential process. The relevant organisational structure helps in providing the fruitful health care services beneficial for the service users. In Singapore, the organisational structure of health care is classified into different divisions. The first group of the health care organisation is the professional group. This group includes several sub-groups, such as health products regulation group, blood services group, and applied sciences group (Foo et al., 2013). The health products regulation group has been providing the health care services related to the innovative therapeutics, drugs, medical devices, and other health related products in Singapore. This level of organisational structure is regulated for achieving the proper health care standards related to the safety, efficacy, and quality. The next group is Blood Services Groups, which is considered as the national blood service. It secures the blood supply procedure of the people nationwide by maintaining the proper adequacy in safety and effective blood supply procedure (Haseltine, 2013). It also concentrates on providing the transfusion medicine services to the associated service users. The blood service group includes the Applied Science Group, which represents the analytical and laboratory expertise for supporting the compliance agencies and other supportive regulations applied to the health care industry. It also looks after the forensic medical and scientific treatment for improving the quality standards of the services (Burgess Radnor, 2013). The next division is Corporate HQ, which is associated with the strategic direction process. This level of organisational structure offers the remarkable supports for the authority and the three different professional groups. These associated groups help in achieving the vision and mission of the health care standards by imposing effective policies and guidelines. Along with such facilities, the strategic co-ordination and the efficient processes are also taken into account in considering the functionalities performed by this level of organisational structure. The improvement of the quality level of the health care services is possible if the internal cultures are improved. There are several major influences of the organisational culture that has been associated with the performance measurements of the hospitals (Cruickshank Beevers, 2013). It is to be indicated that the organisational culture is characterised as hierarchal, clannish, or market-oriented. The adoption of the Hofstede Model indicates the four different dimensions of organisational cultures. These major dimensions are uncertainty avoidance, masculinity/ femininity, power distance, and individualism/collectivism. Such dimensional approaches provide the insightful ideas about the cultural position in a health care setting. There are some of the internal and external factors that have been creating the significant impacts on the organisational culture in a significant way. The most prominent factor that has been influencing the health care culture is the individual working standards. While working on the health care centre in Singapore, the employees signify the different cultural heritage (McClellan et al., 2014). However, while working together, the diverse cultural nature may create the uncertainties to some of the extent. The maintenance of the attitudes, perceptions, and interests are found to be different to each other. Such traits are sometimes creating major affects in the internal scenario of the health care department. On the other hand, it is noticed that business goals and objectives are sometimes unclear to the associated health care personnel. Being unaware of the exact method of dealing with the nurses, the associated employees often face the higher level of stress and tensions. Another most significant issue associated with the internal environment of the health care organisation is the emergence of higher level of stress. It is noticed that the employees associated with the patient care services have to deal with the different scenario. Due to the extreme level of illness, the patients become much vulnerable and refuse to take medicines. In such cases, the associated staffs have to maintain their duties by coping with these patients. It sometimes creates much pressure and stress on employees minds (Brennan Monson, 2014). The nature of the business is thus much effective for the members associated with the heath care departments. The proper management style and nature is also much responsible for creating an effective organisational culture in the health care centre. It is the major responsible for the associated health care personnel to provide the hygienic environment to the associated nursing staffs. When they have been receiving the fruitful environmen t for work, the stress level reduced. In fact, they receive the proper motivations for working in an effective organisational scenario. Concentrating on the high quality standard of the health care service, it is noticed that the application of the beneficial rules and regulations are also considered as the part of organisational culture. If concentrated on the health care regulations in Singapore, it is noticed that it is associated with three major pillars. The 3M system is imposed in for encouraging the healthy lifestyle of the patients in Singapore health care. These three M systems are Medisave, Medifund, and Medishield. It is noted that Medisave is considered as the national medical insurance, which is helpful for saving the capital amount for the healthcare needs (Patel et al., 2013). The expenses related to the hospital care are stored for treating the members and outdoor patients. When the associated health care staffs have been receiving such facilities for their health purposes, it creates the sense of reliability and stability in their mind. It is even providing the job security, which can be taken into a ccount as one of the best motivational factors. On the other hand, it has been observed that Medisave Account is mandatory for each of the nursing associates and the CPF members. It ranges from 7% to 9% from their monthly salary, which is added to this health insurance services. The surgical expenses are provided to the staffs with the help of such insurance facilities. Another most beneficial facility is Medishield. This facility is provided to the health care personnel and it is concentrating on the affordable severe disability insurance services (Britto, Engle Super, 2013). It is a form of providing the basic monetary protection to the health care personnel for determining the long term care. This policy is mainly focusing on the leader people in the country. Finally, the Medifund is considered as the endowment fund set up by the government of Singapore. Apart from all such financial aspects, the organisational culture of the Singapore Health Care centre is concentrating on the training and utilising the safer medical equipmen ts as well. It is noted that due to the inability of using the medical equipments, the health care staffs face several accidental hazards. In order to reduce such risks, the Singapore Government has paid the significant attention to the development of the training purposes (Haseltine, 2013). In these training purposes, the medical associates receive the proper training for utilising the innovative technologies and harmful medical equipments. Hence, it is noted that the organisational culture has been creating the significant impacts on the entire health care centre and associated staffs in Singapore. Conclusion The study has been focusing on the organisational culture maintained in the health care centres in Singapore. It is noted that the major motto of the health care centre as well as the Singapore Government is to provide the standardised and quality health care services to the patients. However, the maintenance of the effective organisational culture helps in improving the overall scenario of the organisation in a specific way. The management takes the responsibility to motivate the associated members in a significant way, which helps in establishing the effective organisational culture among the entire health care industry in Singapore. References Blank, R. H., Burau, V. (2013).Comparative health policy. Palgrave Macmillan. Brennan, M. D., Monson, V. (2014, May). Professionalism: good for patients and health care organizations. InMayo Clinic Proceedings(Vol. 89, No. 5, pp. 644-652). Elsevier. Britto, P. R., Engle, P. L., Super, C. M. (2013).Handbook of early childhood development research and its impact on global policy. Oxford University Press. Burgess, N., Radnor, Z. (2013). 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